Quadratic equations appear on every SAT. You will see 2-4 questions per test. The key is knowing which method to use and when.
The 4 Methods
Method 1: Factoring
Use when: The quadratic factors easily (leading coefficient is 1 or the factors are obvious).
Solve :
Factor:
Solutions: or
Speed tip: If , find two numbers that multiply to and add to .
Method 2: Square Root Method
Use when: The equation has no middle term, like or .
Solve :
Method 3: Completing the Square
Use when: The SAT explicitly asks for vertex form, or you need to find the vertex.
Solve :
Method 4: Quadratic Formula
Use when: Nothing else works, or the coefficients are messy.
Solve :
or
The Discriminant Shortcut
The discriminant tells you the number of solutions WITHOUT solving:
- : two real solutions
- : one real solution (double root)
- : no real solutions
The SAT loves asking "how many solutions does this equation have?" — just compute the discriminant.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Forgetting the : gives AND , not just .
- Dividing by : Never divide both sides by — you lose the solution. Factor instead.
- Sign errors in the quadratic formula: The formula has , not . If , then .
SAT Pro Tip
Before using the quadratic formula, always check if the expression factors. Factoring takes 10 seconds; the quadratic formula takes 45+ seconds. On the SAT, time saved is points earned.
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